Recognize corrupted navigation, protect the flight path and transition to independent sources with disciplined threat and error management.
01 — STUDY INTRODUCTION
Jamming denies; spoofing deceives
Jamming degrades or prevents legitimate GNSS reception. Spoofing can produce smooth, precise and convincing false position, velocity or timing information—and may therefore be more difficult to recognize.
Possible clues include disagreement with IRS, DME or ATC information; implausible groundspeed and wind; unexpected time changes; inconsistent runway geometry; and abnormal hybrid-position behavior.
02 — STUDY INTRODUCTION
Automation accuracy is not navigation truth
A correctly functioning autopilot can accurately follow an erroneous FMS trajectory. When position integrity is suspect, the first priority is to protect the flight path and cross-check independent information—not to chase the map.
Two GNSS receivers provide redundancy but can share the same RF threat. Resilience comes from technological diversity: trusted IRS, DME/DME, raw terrestrial references, ATC support and an independent landing system where available.
NFA PROFESSIONAL
Continue with the full professional edition.
This page is a public introduction, not the complete member study.
Open member editionProfessional plan in preparation. Full-study language availability is separate from this introduction.Educational material. Not a replacement for manufacturer manuals, approved operator procedures, MEL/CDL, operational approvals, AIP/NOTAM or regulatory requirements.